diff --git a/apps/compliance-portal/src/components/ComplianceFrameworks/ComplianceFrameworksSection.tsx b/apps/compliance-portal/src/components/ComplianceFrameworks/ComplianceFrameworksSection.tsx
index 385c58994..412876367 100644
--- a/apps/compliance-portal/src/components/ComplianceFrameworks/ComplianceFrameworksSection.tsx
+++ b/apps/compliance-portal/src/components/ComplianceFrameworks/ComplianceFrameworksSection.tsx
@@ -56,12 +56,14 @@ export function ComplianceFrameworksSection({ trustCenterKey }: ComplianceFramew
 
   return (
     <ErrorBoundary
-      fallback={(_, reset) => (
+      fallback={(
+        // The data comes from the preloaded HomePageQuery, so there is no local
+        // refetch to clear a field error — reload the page to recover.
         <HomeSection title={t("home.sections.compliance")}>
           <InlineError
             message={t("errors.inline.message")}
             retryLabel={t("errors.inline.retry")}
-            onRetry={reset}
+            onRetry={() => window.location.reload()}
           />
         </HomeSection>
       )}
diff --git a/apps/compliance-portal/src/components/RecentUpdates/RecentUpdatesSection.tsx b/apps/compliance-portal/src/components/RecentUpdates/RecentUpdatesSection.tsx
index f01a45c7f..77bfa3807 100644
--- a/apps/compliance-portal/src/components/RecentUpdates/RecentUpdatesSection.tsx
+++ b/apps/compliance-portal/src/components/RecentUpdates/RecentUpdatesSection.tsx
@@ -56,12 +56,14 @@ export function RecentUpdatesSection({ trustCenterKey }: RecentUpdatesSectionPro
 
   return (
     <ErrorBoundary
-      fallback={(_, reset) => (
+      fallback={(
+        // The data comes from the preloaded HomePageQuery, so there is no local
+        // refetch to clear a field error — reload the page to recover.
         <HomeSection title={t("home.sections.recentUpdates")}>
           <InlineError
             message={t("errors.inline.message")}
             retryLabel={t("errors.inline.retry")}
-            onRetry={reset}
+            onRetry={() => window.location.reload()}
           />
         </HomeSection>
       )}
diff --git a/apps/compliance-portal/src/components/errors/ListErrorBoundary.tsx b/apps/compliance-portal/src/components/errors/ListErrorBoundary.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..60cbde989
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/compliance-portal/src/components/errors/ListErrorBoundary.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Probo Inc <hello@probo.com>.
+//
+// Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+// purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+// copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
+// REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
+// AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
+// INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
+// LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR
+// OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
+// PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+
+import { ErrorBoundary } from "@probo/ui/src/v2/ErrorBoundary/ErrorBoundary";
+import { InlineError } from "@probo/ui/src/v2/InlineError/InlineError";
+import { type ReactNode, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+
+interface ListErrorBoundaryProps {
+  // Refetch the list from the network, calling `done` once the request settles.
+  // The caller owns the refetch (it holds the refetchable fragment); this keeps
+  // that function above the boundary so it survives the child's error.
+  onRetry: (done: () => void) => void;
+  children: ReactNode;
+}
+
+// Contains a list/section field error to an inline fallback with a working
+// retry. The boundary only resets *after* the caller's refetch settles (via the
+// `done` callback bumping its key), so remounting reads the refreshed store
+// instead of racing the in-flight request back into the same error. See
+// contrib/claude/error-handling.md.
+export function ListErrorBoundary({ onRetry, children }: ListErrorBoundaryProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const [resetToken, setResetToken] = useState(0);
+
+  return (
+    <ErrorBoundary
+      key={resetToken}
+      fallback={(
+        <div className="py-8">
+          <InlineError
+            message={t("errors.inline.message")}
+            retryLabel={t("errors.inline.retry")}
+            onRetry={() => onRetry(() => setResetToken(token => token + 1))}
+          />
+        </div>
+      )}
+    >
+      {children}
+    </ErrorBoundary>
+  );
+}
diff --git a/apps/compliance-portal/src/pages/subprocessors/SubprocessorsPage.tsx b/apps/compliance-portal/src/pages/subprocessors/SubprocessorsPage.tsx
index 68a29cb9a..f0d491712 100644
--- a/apps/compliance-portal/src/pages/subprocessors/SubprocessorsPage.tsx
+++ b/apps/compliance-portal/src/pages/subprocessors/SubprocessorsPage.tsx
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import type { PreloadedQuery } from "react-relay";
 import { graphql, usePreloadedQuery, useRefetchableFragment } from "react-relay";
 
+import { ListErrorBoundary } from "#/components/errors/ListErrorBoundary";
 import { PageHeader } from "#/components/PageHeader/PageHeader";
 
 import type { SubprocessorsPage_query$key } from "./__generated__/SubprocessorsPage_query.graphql";
@@ -111,15 +112,24 @@ export function SubprocessorsPage({ queryRef }: SubprocessorsPageProps) {
           aria-busy={isRefetching}
           className={`flex w-full max-w-5xl flex-col gap-8 transition-opacity duration-150 ${isRefetching ? "opacity-60" : ""}`}
         >
-          {groups.length === 0
-            ? <SubprocessorsEmpty />
-            : groups.map(group => (
-                <SubprocessorCategorySection
-                  key={group.category}
-                  category={group.category}
-                  subprocessors={group.nodes}
-                />
-              ))}
+          <ListErrorBoundary
+            onRetry={done => startTransition(() => {
+              refetch(
+                toQueryVariables({ query, category, country }),
+                { fetchPolicy: "network-only", onComplete: done },
+              );
+            })}
+          >
+            {groups.length === 0
+              ? <SubprocessorsEmpty />
+              : groups.map(group => (
+                  <SubprocessorCategorySection
+                    key={group.category}
+                    category={group.category}
+                    subprocessors={group.nodes}
+                  />
+                ))}
+          </ListErrorBoundary>
         </div>
       </div>
     </>
diff --git a/apps/compliance-portal/src/pages/subprocessors/_components/SubprocessorListItem.tsx b/apps/compliance-portal/src/pages/subprocessors/_components/SubprocessorListItem.tsx
index f4b581311..ddc533b88 100644
--- a/apps/compliance-portal/src/pages/subprocessors/_components/SubprocessorListItem.tsx
+++ b/apps/compliance-portal/src/pages/subprocessors/_components/SubprocessorListItem.tsx
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ import type { SubprocessorListItem_subprocessor$key } from "./__generated__/Subp
 import { subprocessorListItem } from "./variants";
 
 const subprocessorListItemFragment = graphql`
-  fragment SubprocessorListItem_subprocessor on Subprocessor {
+  fragment SubprocessorListItem_subprocessor on Subprocessor @throwOnFieldError {
     name
     description
     websiteUrl
diff --git a/apps/compliance-portal/src/pages/updates/UpdatesPage.tsx b/apps/compliance-portal/src/pages/updates/UpdatesPage.tsx
index 9a079c4e7..97a5ebacd 100644
--- a/apps/compliance-portal/src/pages/updates/UpdatesPage.tsx
+++ b/apps/compliance-portal/src/pages/updates/UpdatesPage.tsx
@@ -19,11 +19,12 @@
 // SOFTWARE.
 
 import { Pagination } from "@probo/ui/src/v2/Pagination/Pagination";
-import { useCallback } from "react";
+import { useCallback, useTransition } from "react";
 import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import type { PreloadedQuery } from "react-relay";
 import { graphql, usePreloadedQuery, useRefetchableFragment } from "react-relay";
 
+import { ListErrorBoundary } from "#/components/errors/ListErrorBoundary";
 import { MailingListUpdateListItem } from "#/components/MailingListUpdateListItem/MailingListUpdateListItem";
 import { PageHeader } from "#/components/PageHeader/PageHeader";
 import type { CursorPaginationVariables } from "#/lib/relay/useCursorPagination";
@@ -88,6 +89,13 @@ export function UpdatesPage({ queryRef }: UpdatesPageProps) {
     refetch(variables, { fetchPolicy: "store-or-network" });
   }, [refetch]);
 
+  const [, startRetry] = useTransition();
+  const retryUpdates = useCallback((done: () => void) => {
+    startRetry(() => {
+      refetch({ first: UPDATES_PAGE_SIZE }, { fetchPolicy: "network-only", onComplete: done });
+    });
+  }, [refetch]);
+
   const { updates } = data.currentTrustCenter;
   const { pageInfo } = updates;
   const { isPending, goPrevious, goNext } = useCursorPagination(refetchUpdates, pageInfo, UPDATES_PAGE_SIZE);
@@ -104,11 +112,13 @@ export function UpdatesPage({ queryRef }: UpdatesPageProps) {
             ? <UpdatesEmpty />
             : (
                 <div className="flex flex-col gap-8">
-                  <UpdatesList busy={isPending}>
-                    {nodes.map(node => (
-                      <MailingListUpdateListItem key={node.id} updateKey={node} />
-                    ))}
-                  </UpdatesList>
+                  <ListErrorBoundary onRetry={retryUpdates}>
+                    <UpdatesList busy={isPending}>
+                      {nodes.map(node => (
+                        <MailingListUpdateListItem key={node.id} updateKey={node} />
+                      ))}
+                    </UpdatesList>
+                  </ListErrorBoundary>
                   <Pagination
                     hasPrevious={pageInfo.hasPreviousPage}
                     hasNext={pageInfo.hasNextPage}
diff --git a/contrib/claude/error-handling.md b/contrib/claude/error-handling.md
index 910a4202c..5d75bbf06 100644
--- a/contrib/claude/error-handling.md
+++ b/contrib/claude/error-handling.md
@@ -219,6 +219,48 @@ The portal ships three fallback tiers, all backed by the same `ErrorBoundary`:
 [`ui.md`](ui.md)); the app maps the caught error to copy/actions and passes them
 in.
 
+### Retrying: reset vs refetch vs reload
+
+A boundary's `reset` alone does **not** clear a Relay field error — at **any**
+level, not just lists. `reset` only re-renders the subtree; the read hits the
+**same errored record** still cached in the store and throws again. `reset` is
+therefore only a real recovery for *transient render errors* (e.g. a non-Relay
+render crash). To recover a Relay field error you must go back to the network
+first, then clear the boundary. Pick the mechanism by what owns the data:
+
+| Context | Recovery |
+|---------|----------|
+| Route / page boundary | `window.location.reload()` (or router revalidation) |
+| Refetchable list/section (`useRefetchableFragment`) | `refetch(..., { fetchPolicy: "network-only" })`, then reset the boundary once it settles |
+| Section reading a preloaded query (no local refetch) | reload the owning query via the loader's `loadQuery(..., { fetchPolicy: "network-only" })`, or fall back to `window.location.reload()` |
+| Transient / non-Relay render error | `reset` |
+
+In all the network cases, reset the boundary **after** the fetch settles (not
+before), or the remount races the in-flight request straight back into the same
+error.
+
+`ListErrorBoundary` encapsulates the refetchable-list case: it owns a reset key
+and exposes `onRetry(done)`, where the caller (which holds `refetch`, above the
+boundary) refetches `network-only` and passes the `onComplete` callback as
+`done`.
+
+```tsx
+// The page owns refetch; item fragments carry @throwOnFieldError, so a row's
+// field error throws below the boundary while refetch survives above it.
+<ListErrorBoundary
+  onRetry={done => startTransition(() => {
+    refetch(variables, { fetchPolicy: "network-only", onComplete: done });
+  })}
+>
+  {rows}
+</ListErrorBoundary>
+```
+
+Because `useRefetchableFragment` throws at its own read site, put
+`@throwOnFieldError` on the **item** fragments (so the throw lands below the
+boundary), not on the refetchable list fragment (whose read is above it — a
+whole-connection failure there is a page-level error via `@required`).
+
 ## Custom errors for node-type mismatches
 
 When a page fetches `node(id:)` and the resolved `__typename` is not the type the